¿Cuándo se usa el pasado simple en inglés?
Se usa para expresar una acción terminada en un tiempo o periodo del pasado. En este sentido es muy frecuente que vaya acompañado de un complemento de tiempo (yesterday, last year, etc).
¿Cómo se forma el pasado simple con el verbo TO BE en inglés?
El verbo "to be" en pasado simple: clase exprés
La afirmativa
sujeto | + | verbo | + complemento |
I |
| was | in London. |
You | were | at home. |
La negativa
sujeto | + | verbo | + | not | + complemento |
She |
| was |
| not | in London. |
They | were | not | at home. |
La interrogativa
verbo | + | sujeto | + | + complemento |
Was |
| he |
| in London? |
Were | we |
| at home? |
Y eso es básicamente todo. Ya sabes lo que tienes que hacer para controlar esta estructura, ¿verdad? Practicar, practicar, practicar. Y después, ¡practicar un poco más!
¿Cómo se forma el pasado simple en inglés?
Afirmativa
| verbos regulares: forman el pasado simple añadiendo la terminación –ed | |||
| sujeto | + | verbo acabado en -ed | from home. |
| I | worked | ||
| Verbos irregulares: no tienen regla fija y hay que estudiar su pasado en cada caso. | |||
| sujeto | + | verbo en pasado | an orange. |
| I | ate | ||
¿Tienes dudas sobre el pasado de algún verbo en inglés? Aquí puedes consultar nuestro conjugador de verbos irregulares.
Negativa e interrogativa
Es indiferente que el verbo sea regular o irregular; siempre se construyen de la siguiente forma:
| sujeto | + | auxiliar did | + | not | verbo | |
| I | did | not* | eat | an orange. | ||
| Auxiliar did | + | sujeto | + | verbo | ||
| Did | you | work | from home? |
Recuerda que casi siempre contraemos did not a didn't, sobre todo en el inglés oral.
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El pasado simple en inglés: verbos regulares
Usamos el pasado simple en inglés para referirnos a acciones ya terminadas o a periodos de tiempo que han finalizado. Es un tiempo verbal muy claro: cuando usamos el pasado simple, no dejamos lugar a duda acerca de que la acción y/o el periodo han finalizado.
La teoría
Todos los verbos regulares forman su pasado añadiendo -ed al final de su forma en infinitivo. Algunos verbos cambian ligeramente su ortografía: por ejemplo, cuando el verbo en infinitivo acaba en consonante-vocal-consonante, esta última consonante se duplica, como es el caso de la p de to stop; además, la y del final de los verbos que acaban en consonante seguida de y, como to try, se convierte en una i.
En cuanto a su pronunciación:
- Si el verbo termina en un sonido con que las cuerdas vocales vibran, como es el caso de l, m, n, v, r, etc., la -ed se pronuncia /d/. Es decir, no añadimos una sílaba más, sino que juntamos el sonido de la d con la sílaba final del verbo.
- Si el verbo termina con un sonido en que las cuerdas vocales no vibran, como es el caso de f, s, sh, k, p, x, etc., la -ed se pronuncia como una /t/ contraída a la sílaba final del verbo.
- Finalmente, si el verbo termina con un sonido de d o de t, la -ed se pronuncia con una sílaba extra: /id/.
La práctica
Primero, veamos los verbos de la primera terminación con sonido de /d/:
Él vivió aquí el año pasado. | He lived here last year. |
Usamos azúcar en esta receta. | We used sugar in this recipe. |
El vuelo llegó a su hora. | The flight arrived on time. |
¿Has pronunciado bien el sonido /d/? Ahora veamos los verbos cuyo sonido final suena como /t/:
El policía nos paró. | The policeman stopped us. |
Nos reímos del payaso en la fiesta. | We laughed at the clown at the party. |
Trabajé de enfermera en ese hospital. | I worked as a nurse in that hospital. |
¿Has pronunciado la -ed final como /t/? Por último, veamos algunos verbos cuya terminación suena como /id/:
Más de 2.000 personas asistieron a la conferencia. | Over 2,000 people attended the conference. |
El programa terminó con un final feliz. | The show ended with a happy ending. |
Hace dos semanas que empecé este libro. | I started this book two weeks ago. |
Extra
Clave de pronunciación
Muchas veces es posible unir la parte final de los verbos regulares en pasado con la palabra que les sigue. Por ejemplo, I arrived on time = /aiaráivvv-don-táim/, He stopped us = /hhhissstóp-taas/.
Error común
Muchos alumnos novatos pronuncian cooked, por ejemplo, como /kúked/. ¡No! La buena pronunciación de los verbos regulares en el pasado es importante para sonar natural en inglés. Lo correcto es /kúkt/. Practica mucho con todos los verbos regulares que conozcas.
El pasado simple en inglés: verbos irregulares (parte I)
Tras haber aprendido el pasado simple en inglés de los verbos regulares. ¡Pasamos a los verbos irregulares!
Muchos de los verbos irregulares son los más usados en inglés. Por eso, es imperativo que los aprendas bien. A continuación practicaremos tres de los más comunes: to go (ir), to come (venir) y to see (ver).
La teoría
Para facilitar tu aprendizaje, al practicar los verbos irregulares, los precedemos por un adverbio de tiempo que lo contextualice. Es decir, el presente lo usamos para expresar hábitos, por lo tanto lo precedemos por every day. El pasado simple describe periodos de tiempo ya finalizados, así que lo precedemos por yesterday.
| Tiempo Verbal | Adverbio + Sujeto | To Go | To Come | To See |
| Presente Simple | Every Day I | Go | Come | See |
| Pasado Simple | Yesterday I | Went | Came | Saw |
La práctica
Recuerda: I went to se pronuncia /aiuéntu/:
| Fui a Francia en mi luna de miel. | I went to France on my honeymoon. |
| Esta mañana fui al supermercado. | This morning I went to the supermarket. |
| Fui al aeropuerto a las 20.00 h. | I went to the airport at 8 pm. |
Repite con nosotros: Every day I go to work, Yesterday I went to work. Ahora dilo con come to the park y con see a movie. Al practicar con las siguientes frases, recuerda: came se pronuncia /kéimmm/.
| Viniste con un regalo debajo del brazo. | You came with a gift under your arm. |
| ¡Ella vino tarde a clase! | She came late to class! |
| Vine aquí para hablar contigo. | I came here to speak to you. |
Repite con nosotros: Every day I come home, Yesterday I came home. Ahora haz lo mismo con go to the supermarket y con see my parents. Y cuando practiques con los siguientes ejemplos, recuerda: saw se pronuncia /sóo/.
| Vi la última película de Woody Allen ayer. | I saw the latest Woody Allen film yesterday. |
| Te vimos en la calle el domingo pasado. | We saw you on the street last Sunday. |
| ¡Alguien le vio hacerlo! | Someone saw him do it! |
Repite con nosotros: Every day I see a movie, Yesterday I saw a movie. Y también con los otros dos verbos de esta clase.
Extras
Clave de pronunciación
Presta atención especial a tu pronunciación del verbo to come (venir). Hay que exagerar bien la m: come /káammm/, came /quéimmm/.
Error común
Se suelen enseñar los verbos irregulares como cantinelas incoherentes: come-came-come, go-went-gone… Luego, cuando se quiere usar el verbo en el tiempo correcto, hay que buscar la forma correcta en la memoria. Cambia eso ahora mismo y empieza a aprenderlos como te enseñamos aquí.
El pasado simple en inglés: verbos irregulares (parte II)
Seguimos con el pasado simple en inglés. Esta vez con otros tres verbos irregulares muy comunes: to have (tener), to give (dar) y to take (llevar, tomar).
La teoría
Ya sabemos que to have tiene varias funciones (como verbo normal, tener, y como auxiliar, haber). El verbo to take también tiene diferentes acepciones, desde llevar, tomar y coger hasta tardar. Por ahora nos centraremos en llevar, y más adelante veremos tardar. To give, ¡menos mal!, sólo tiene dos significados: dar y regalar.
| Tiempo Verbal | Adverbio + Sujeto | To Have | To Give | To Take |
| Presente Simple | Every Day I | Have | Give | Take |
| Pasado Simple | Yesterday I | Had | Gave | Took |
La práctica
Recuerda: had se pronuncia /hhhad/.
| Tuve un resfriado terrible la semana pasada. | I had a terrible cold last week. |
| Tuvimos muchas dudas. | We had a lot of doubts. |
| La madre de Jane tenía una buena razón para hacerlo. | Jane’s mother had a good reason to do it. |
Every day I have…, Yesterday I had…, por ejemplo: breakfast (desayuno), lunch (comida) o dinner (cena). Cuando practiques con los tres ejemplos de abajo, recuerda: gave se pronuncia /guéivvv/.
| Di dinero al mendigo. | I gave some money to the beggar. |
| Me dieron varias ideas. | They gave me several ideas. |
| (Ella) Nos dio su libro. | She gave us her book. |
¿Qué lees todos los días? Dilo completando la frase: Every day I read (/ríid/)…, Yesterday I read (/red/)… Y así sucesivamente. Vamos a practicar ahora con took, que se pronuncia /tuk/.
| Ella llevó mucha ropa consigo. | She took a lot of clothes with her. |
| Él llevó dos camisetas y un pantalón corto. | He took two t-shirts and a pair of shorts. |
| Llevé euros y dólares conmigo. | I took some euros and some dollars with me. |
Hablas inglés todos los días, ¿verdad? ¡Y seguro que castellano también! Pues dilo en frases completas: Every day I speak English and Spanish, Yesterday I spoke English and Spanish.
VIDEO - PAST SIMPLE
Extras
Clave de pronunciación
Siempre llamaremos la atención a la pronunciación de la h inglesa, que no tiene nada de ver con la j del castellano. Imagínate que estás limpiando un espejo con el vaho. Este sonido suave es lo que estamos buscando: have /hhhavvv/, had /hhhad/.
Error común
Recuerda: no te aprendas los verbos irregulares como cantinelas incoherentes: give-gave-given, take-took-taken… porque luego, cuando se quiere usar el verbo en el tiempo correcto habrá que ir y rebuscar en la memoria para encontrar la forma que necesitas.
Consejo clave
La rutina y el ritmo son las claves para que algo pesado y extenso (como puede ser aprender verbos irregulares en inglés) se haga llevadero. Da con el pie contra el suelo para marcarte un ritmo mientras practicas los verbos irregulares y ponte un temporizador que suene cada hora para saber que tienes que practicarlos.
Learn English Vocabulary
SPORTS VOCABULARY
ESL Sport Vocabulary List with Definitions
This list contains many ESL sport vocabulary items. You should try to learn the meanings of the words from the definitions. After the list there is a set of flashcards with the vocabulary items on that you can download. Then finally a recording of the list being spoken by a native English speaker.
American football: An American game where a ball is thrown forward to other players. (noun)
Athletics: A sport related to physical activity, such as running, jumping or throwing. (noun)
Away: The team that is playing sport at the ground/field of the other team. (adjective)
Badminton: A game played with rackets, a high net and a shuttlecock. (noun)
Baseball: An American game where a ball has to be hit with a bat. (noun)
Basketball: An American game where a ball has to be bounced on the floor and thrown through a hoop. (noun)
Bat: A thin long object that is held and used to hit another object, often a ball. (noun)
Baton: A stick that has to be carried to the end of a race by a group of participants. (noun)
Boxing: A sport where two people hit each other and try to win the fight. (noun)
Boxing ring: A square area with ropes around it in which a boxing match takes place. (noun)
Captain: The member of a team that is in charge of all the other players while playing the sport. (noun)
Car racing: A contest to see which car is the fastest or which is the best car driver. (noun)
Club (1): A long stick with a small but heavy head that is used to hit balls in some sports. (noun)
Club (2): A group of people all interested in playing the same sport together. (noun)
Coach: The person responsible for making sure a team or individual is ready to play a sport. (noun)
Court: An area in which a sport is played, and which the sport should not leave. (noun)
Cricket: A British game where a bat is used to hit a ball. (noun)
Crowd: A group of people together in one place (who are watching sport). (noun)
Cue: A long thin wooden stick used to hit the balls in snooker. (noun)
Cycling: A sport that uses bicycles, often in races. (noun)
Darts: A game of skill where a sharp pointed metal stick is thrown at a target on a wall. (noun)
Diving: To jump into water from a high platform while performing tricks. (noun)
Equipment: The things that are needed to be able to play a sport. (noun)
Exercise: To do sport for health benefits rather than trying to win. (noun)
Football: A team game where the feet are used to kick a ball. (Called soccer in America.) (noun)
Fun: To enjoy doing something. (adjective)
Game: A single occasion of playing a sport. (Similar to a match.) (noun)
Golf: A game in which a club is used to hit a small ball into a hole in the ground. (noun)
Grandstand: A building full of seats for people to sit and watch a sport being played. (noun)
Ground: The place where a sport is played, e.g. football ground. (noun)
Gymnastics: A sporting contest about performing exercises. (noun)
Helmet: A form of protection worn on the head to prevent injuries. (noun)
Hockey: A game where a stick is used to hit a small ball. (noun)
Home: The team that is playing sport at its own ground/field. (adjective)
Hoop: A circular shape that a basketball has to be passed through. (noun)
Horseracing: A sport where horses are ridden by jockeys trying to win a race. (noun)
Ice-hockey: A game played on ice where a small disk is hit with a stick. (noun)
Jockey: The person who rides a horse in horse races. (noun)
Long-jump: A contest where the participants try to jump as far as possible. (noun)
Manager: The person who organizes how, when and where a team or individual will play a sport. (noun)
Marathon: A running race that is just over 26 miles long. (noun)
Match: A single occasion of playing a sport. (Similar to a game.) (noun)
Motorsport: Races between cars, motorbikes or anything else with an engine on land. (noun)
Net: A barrier between the participants over which an object has to passed. (noun)
Olympics: A very large sporting contest held every four years in which most countries take part. (noun)
Opponent: The other person or team in a sporting contest. (noun)
Para-Olympics: An Olympic contest for people with disabilities. (noun)
Participants: The people who take part in or play sports. (noun)
Pitch: The area in which a match has to be played. (noun)
Play: To do a sport. (verb)
Player: A person who does sport. (noun)
Playing field: An outside area that is used to play a sport. (noun)
Pole-vault: A contest where a long stick is used to try to jump as high as possible. (noun)
Race: A contest where the participants have to get to the end as fast as possible. (noun)
Racket: An object with a large head that is used to hit another object, often a ball. (noun)
Referee: The person in charge of making sure the rules are followed. (Similar to an umpire.) (noun)
Relay: A race where several people run as a team by taking turns and passing a baton. (noun)
Rugby: A British game where hands are used to pass a ball backwards to other team members. (noun)
Running: To move as fast as possible. (noun)
Season ticket: A ticket that lets you attend all the matches a team plays. (noun)
Shuttlecock: The cone shaped object used in badminton. (noun)
Skiing: Using skis to move over snow quickly. (noun)
Skis: Two long flat pieces of material attached to the feet used to slide over snow. (noun)
Snooker: A game played on a table where a cue is used to hit balls into pockets. (noun)
Snowboard: A long and wide piece of material attached to the feet used to slide over snow. (noun)
Snowboarding: Using a snowboard to move over snow and perform tricks. (noun)
Soccer: A team game where the feet are used to kick a ball. (Name used in America.) (noun)
Spectator: Someone who watches sport. (noun)
Sport centre: A large building in which people can do different sports. (noun)
Sport: A comparison that involves physical activity. (noun)
Squash: A game played inside a court where rackets are used to hit a small ball against a wall. (noun)
Stadium: The building that surrounds a pitch where sports are played. (noun)
Supporter: Someone who follows a specific team. (noun)
Swim: To move through water. (noun)
Table tennis: A game played on a table with small rackets and balls. (noun)
Team: A group of people who play sport together against another group. (noun)
Tennis: A game played on a court where a racket is used to hit a ball over a net. (noun)
Tournament: A group of matches used to find the best team or individual at that sport. (noun)
Track: The path that a race has to follow. (noun)
Turnstile: A gate that lets only one person through at a time. (noun)
Umpire: The person in charge of making sure the rules are followed. (Similar to a referee.) (noun)
Winter sports: Sports that need either snow or ice to be undertaken. (noun)
World Cup: A big football (soccer) tournament held every four years. (noun)
BUILD UP
How do you play / do some of these sports?
BADMINTON |
|---|
| A racquet sport played by either two players (singles) or two pairs (doubles). Played on a court divided by a net with racquets and a shuttlecock. You play a game of badminton. /th> |
CRICKET |
| A teamgame, usually played outdoors, on a cricket pitch, with a bat, a cricket ball, and stumps, There are11 players on each team. You play a cricket match. |
DARTS |
Darts is played by two players. Darts are thrown at a dart board. You play a game of darts or a darts match. |
FOOTBALL (FOOTY) |
A team sport, usually played outdoors, on a football pitch, with a round football, a goal, with two teams of 11 players, and a goal keeper (goalie). You play a game of football or a football match. Americans insist on calling it soccer. |
GOLF |
| Usually played by individuals, golf is played on a golf course, using several types of golf clubs and a golf ball. You play a game of golf or a round of golf. |
RUGBY |
| A team sport, played outdoors, on a rugby pitch, with an oval rugby ball, and two teams of 15 players. You play a game of rugby or a rugby match. |
TENNIS |
| A racquet sport played by either two players (singles) or two pairs (doubles). Played on a court divided by a net with racquets and a tennis ball. You play a game of tennis or a tennis match. |
NATURALLY SPEAKING
| Making enquiries | Making enquiries |
|---|---|
BUYING A TICKET TO A SPORTING EVENT:
| QUESTIONS ABOUT SPORTING EVENTS
|
DIALOGUE
MR SMITH IS DISCUSSING THE FOOTBALL WITH HIS WIFE.
| Sport - Conversation | |
|---|---|
| Mr. Smith: | I`ve been thinking about exchanging our football tickets. Instead of going to Friday's game, I think we should go on Saturday. Then, John and his friend Mark could come with us because they wouldn`t have school the next day. What do you think? |
| Mrs Smith : | I think that`s a great idea. I didn`t really like the idea of keeping John out of school just to got to a football match. |
| Mr Smith: | I know. So, shall we swap them? |
| Mrs Smith: | Well, first, let me check with Mark`s parents to see if he`s free on Saturday. |
| Mr Smith: | OK, go for it! |
| Mrs Smith: | (Dials the phone) Hello Mark. It`s Joan, Joan Smith, John`s mother. I was wondering are you free this Saturday? And if you are would you like to come to the match with us? |
| Mark: | Yes, I'm free and I'd love to, but I'll have to check with my parents. |
| Mrs Smith: | That`s great! John will be glad, and of course we can pick you up. How does 2pm sound? |
| Mark: | Sounds great. I`ll look forward to it. |
| Mrs Smith: | OK, we`ll see you on Saturday and John will see you at school tomorrow. |
| Mark: | .OK, thanks Mrs. Smith. I can`t wait! |
| Mrs Smith: | OK Mark, we`ll see you then. Have a good evening, give my regards to your mum and dad. (Hangs up the phone) |
| Mr Smith: | So, is he coming? |
| Mrs Smith: | Yes. Let`s go and change those Friday tickets. |
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